从规范到实证:论帕累托最优的唯一性与第一、第二福利定理的修正

An Analysis from Normative to Positive:The Uniqueness of Pareto Optimal and Refinements of 1st & 2nd Welfare Theorem

原有福利经济学范畴的帕累托最优状态不是唯一的。其第一基本定理认为任意的瓦尔拉斯均衡配置都是帕累托最优,以及第二基本定理认为帕累托最优是有转移的竞争性均衡。在完善理性人交换原则的基础上,通过改进帕累托最优条件,能确定帕累托最优状态是唯一的,其生产、消费配置以及价格都是唯一的。随后修正的第一、第二基本定理表明:帕累托最优是一个社会福利达到最优的瓦尔拉斯均衡;完全竞争的市场经济可自动实现帕累托最优均衡,无需经过禀赋、财产转移。

Original welfare economics denies the uniqueness of Pareto optimal. The first welfare theorem states that any Walrasian equilibrium is Pareto optimal,and the second theorem believes that Pareto optimal is a competitive equilibrium w ith metastasis. Based on the rational people exchange principle,it presents that the uniqueness of Pareto optimal can be determined by improving its condition. The subsequent correction of 1 st and 2 nd w elfare theorem implies that Pareto optimal is a Walrasian equilibrium at w hich social w elfare optimal occurs,perfectly competitive market creates Pareto optimal w ithout transfer of endow-ment and property.