片形吸虫分子检测技术的研究进展

Research advances in molecular detection technique for Fasciola spp.

片形吸虫病(Fascioliasis)是由片形属吸虫(Fasciola spp.)感染所引起的一种危害严重的人兽共患寄生虫病,病原主要包括大片吸虫(Fasciola gigantica)、肝片吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)及其中间型。该病在全球范围内流行,严重损害人及动物健康,威胁公共卫生安全,造成巨大的经济损失。尽管目前在片形吸虫病的免疫预防及新型药物制剂的研发方面已经取得一些进展,但是该病防控的前提是对片形吸虫病的准确诊断及检测。本文对近二十年来片形吸虫病的分子诊断与检测技术的研究进展进行总结,包括基于核糖体DNA、线粒体DNA及全基因组序列的片形吸虫分子鉴定,以及基于这些遗传标记进行PCR诊断、TaqMan探针实时定量PCR、环介导等温扩增试验(LAMP)等检测及诊断方法,以期为人和动物片形吸虫病的早期诊断及微量检测技术的研究提供科学参考。

Fascioliasis is a severe zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with Fasciola spp.,such as Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica and their intermediate form.Fasciola is one of the most important pathogens of domestic livestock and humans with a global distribution,causing significant socio-economic losses.Although some advances had been made in the development of immunization and new pharmaceutical preparations against fascioliasis,the core question of prevention and control was diagnosis and detection accurately.This paper summarized the research advance of molecular diagnostic and detection techniques for fascioliasis in the past two decades,including those identification techniques base on genetic markers in ribosomal DNA,mitochondrial DNA and whole genome sequences,PCR-based diagnostic techniques,such as the Taq Man probe-based real-time quantitative PCR,loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay(LAMP) were also presented,with the objective of providing reference for the development of early and rapid detection and diagnostic techniques for human and animal fascioliasis.