航天飞行器管路结构的动力学强度分析与试验

Dynamics strength analysis and test for pipe structures of aerospacecrafts

航天飞行器管路呈现结构轻薄、力学环境恶劣、使用应力大、易产生低周疲劳的特点,曾多次发生飞行故障.随着航天飞行器向着轻质化、可重复使用、高可靠性的发展,对管路结构提出了由环境适应性定性考核向动力学强度定量评估转变的迫切要求.本文首先对基于Miles公式、模态均方根值等国内外管路结构动力学载荷分析方法的基本原理及其应用进行了介绍,用其指导管路结构动力学设计.其次结合工程实际,对管路结构动力学强度分析中常用的Steinberg快速评估、基于统计模型的频域疲劳分析等理论方法及技术要点进行了总结.最后结合航天领域管路结构动力学强度设计、分析与试验的研究现状,对有待于进一步开展研究的工程和科学问题进行了展望.

The pipelines of aerospacecrafts have characteristics of light and thin structures,severe mechanical environment,high operating stresses and easy to cause low cycle fatigues,and they have broken down in flight for many times.With the development of aerospacecrafts for lightness,reuseable and high reliability,the pressing requirements of pipelines change from environmental adaptability qualitative check to dynamic strength quantitative evaluation.This article firstly introduces the fundamental principles and applications of dynamic load analysis methods for pipelines base on the Miles formula,the modal root mean square (R_MS)value,etc.,and uses it to guide the dynamic design of pipelines.Then basing on engineering practices,it summaries the theoretical methods and technical key points of the Steinberg fast assessment and the frequency domain fatigue analysis base on statistics model,etc.,which are always used in the dynamic strength analysis of pipelines.Finally,combining with the investigation status of design,analysis and test for pipeline dynamic strength in aerospace field,it outlooks the engineering and scientific problems needed to be studied further.