县级医院医护人员"过劳"程度评估及影响因素分析

Evaluation of " Overwork" of medical workers and the influencing factors at county hospitals

目的运用科学方法评估县级医院医护人员的"过劳"程度,并分析其影响因素。 方法2018年1—3月,选择湖北省武汉市周边6家县级医院作为调查对象,运用描述性分析、χ2检验和有序多分类回归方法,分析医护人员"过劳"程度及其影响因素。 结果县级医院有48.3%(156/323)的医生工作周时长>60 h,医生的工作周时长显著高于护士;同时,基于疲劳蓄积度自测诊断量表(fatigue self-assessment scale,FSAS)测量的医生工作负担度也显著高于护士,医生工作负担非常高者占61.9%(200/ 323)护士工作负担非常高者占33.3%(118/354)。不同性别、年龄、教育程度、工作年限、家庭子女情况的医护人员工作负担度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而工作周时长是影响医护人员工作负担的重要因素。 结论应制定合理的医护人员工作时间,特别关注中青年医生的工作负担,缓解医护人员的积蓄疲劳。

Objective To scientifically assess the degree of " overwork" and its influencing factors of doctors and nurses at county hospitals. Methods Six county hospitals were selected as the research objects. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test and ordered multi-class regression were used to analyze the degree of " overwork" and its influencing factors of doctors and nurses. Results 48.3%(156/323)of the doctors at these hospitals were working more than 60 hours per week. Work hours per week of the doctors were significantly longer than those of the nurses. At the same time, the workload of doctors based on the fatigue self-assessment scale was also significantly higher than that of the nurses, while 61.9% (200/323) of the doctors were exposed to a very high workload, and so were 33.3% (118/354) of the nurses. There were significant differences in the workload of doctors and nurses in terms of their gender, age, education level, seniority and number of children. And the work hours per week were an important factor affecting the workload of doctors and nurses. Conclusions We should formulate a reasonable work hours for doctors and nurses, especially focusing on young and middle-aged doctors.