美国高中职业生涯导向的课程设计——以俄亥俄州为例

U.S. High School Career-oriented Curriculum Design——Take Ohio as an Example

美国新一轮高中课程改革充分落实《让每一位学生成功》教育法案的精神,为实现高中毕业生成功就业或升入大学,课程定位于学生职业生涯发展,依据课程整合思想实现学术课程和职业课程的融通,并强调基于学习标准的高阶思维培养。如俄亥俄州构建了"职业生涯联系框架体系",通过开发学习标准、课程范例等,协助学校及教师自主开展教学。这轮改革充分重视高中生个人生涯发展规划,不断缩小不同教育类型及不同课程之间的鸿沟,切实保障教师基于标准的个性化实施,有效发挥师生在教学过程中的主体地位。

Today a new round of high school curriculum reform in the United States fully implements the spirit of "Every Student Succeeds Act". In order to realize the successful employment or enrollment of high school graduates, curriculum orientation is based on the development of every student’s career,and then course contents begin to integrate academic and vocational knowledge based on the theory of Curricular Integration. Teachers pay more attention to developments of students’ high-level thinking abilities. For example, Ohio has constructed the "Career Connection Framework" to help schools and teachers to reform curricula and instruction through the Learning Standards and new curricula examples. This round of reform focuses on every student’s career pathway,constantly narrows the gap between different kinds of education and curricula, and effectively guarantees every teacher to carry out individualized instruction and takes dominant position in their teaching process.