法国学前教育的实践理据与价值负载——新《母育学校教学大纲》透视

The Practical Motivation and Value Load of Preschool Education in France:Interpretation of the new "école Maternelle Programme"

法国为进一步明确母育学校的角色定位、提升学前教育的教学质量,于2015年颁布全国性《母育学校教学大纲》。新《大纲》围绕儿童的发展需求,以统整方式将学前教育分为运用语言、体育表达、艺术表达、结构化思维和探索世界五大领域,并在规范教学实践的同时提出儿童在结束学前教育时应具备的基本素养。新《大纲》反映了法国重视教育公平,以实现所有学生的成功为根本;关注儿童知识与能力的掌握,以正向评估追踪儿童发展;纠正"小学化"倾向,以娱教为导向科学推进幼小衔接。

In order to clarify the role of école maternelle and improve the quality of preschool education,France introduced a new "école Maternelle Programme" in 2015. The "Programme", based on the needs of children,divides in a unified manner the teaching into five major areas --language, sports expression, artistic expression,structured thinking as well as exploration of the world, and outlines the basic competencies that children should have at the end of the preschool education. The analysis of the "Programme" reveal that France pursues the success of all students by emphasizing the equity of education, pays attention to children’s grasp of knowledge and abilities,traces children’s development with positive assessments, and corrects the tendency of "Inclination to Primary School", and promotes scientifically the transition from infancy to pupilage with teaching in joy.