大通湖1龄中华绒螯蟹形态指标及质量参数研究

Morphological Attributes and Quality Parameters of One-year Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis in Datong Lake

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的苗种质量对养殖成功与否及产量高低具有十分重要的作用;形态参数是遗传和外界环境共同作用的结果,也是判定中华绒螯蟹品质的重要指标之一。为探究1龄中华绒螯蟹形态特征及相关质量参数的关系,选取湖南省大通湖1龄幼蟹275只,其中雌蟹141只、雄蟹134只,逐个测定头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、体高、体重等指标,称量体肉、腿肉、螯肉、肝胰腺等可食用部分的湿重和干重以及体壳、腿壳、螯壳等不可食用部分的湿重和干重,计算各基本形态指标的平均数、标准差及变异系数、各部位含水率及占总体重比例、肥满度等指标;使用独立样本T-检验比较雌雄差异,利用Pearson对各参数进行相关分析,并通过逐步回归法建立体重与形态指标回归模型。结果表明,不同性别中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、体高、肥满度均无显著差异(P>0.05),雄性体重较雌性大(P<0.05),其中雌蟹体重为(8.543±2.555)g,雄蟹体重为(9.304±2.977)g。雌蟹和雄蟹可食用部分含水率及其占总干重的比例均无显著差异(P>0.05)。1龄中华绒螯蟹的头胸甲长(X_1)、头胸甲宽(X_2)、体高(X_3)与体重(Y)的最优多元线性回归方程为Y=-15.763+3.118 X1+4.634 X_2+3.897 X_3(R^2=0.926),体重与头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、体高显著相关。本研究可为中华绒螯蟹养殖产量估算、品质鉴定提供参考。

The quality of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis are important for successful breeding and production.Morphological attributes,resulting from the interaction of genetics and environment,determine the quality of E.sinensis.In this study,we explored the relationship between the morphological attributes and quality parameters of juvenile E.sinensis in Datong Lake.In April 2016,275one-year E.sinensis,including 141 females and 134 males,were collected from Datong Lake,of weight 6-10 g.Five basic morphological attributes including carapace length(X1),carapace width(X2),carapace height(X3),body weight(Y)and relative fatness were recorded for each crab.At the same time,quality parameters were measured,including dry and wet weights of edible parts including body meat,leg meat,chela meat and hepatopancreas,as well as the inedible parts including body shell,leg shell,and chela shell.The mean value,standard deviation and variation coefficient of each morphological attribute,the water content of edible parts,the proportion of edible weight to total body weight and fatness were calculated.The difference between males and females was determined by independent sample T-test.The regression relationship of each parameter was calculated by the Pearson method and stepwise regression was used to develop a model between quality parameters and morphological attributes.There were no significant differences in carapace length,carapace width,body height or relative fatness between sexes(P>0.05),but male crabs(9.304±2.977)g were significantly(P<0.05)heavier than female crabs(8.543±2.555)g.The water content of the edible parts and the proportion of edible part weight to total body weight were not significantly different between male and female crabs(P>0.05).The relationship between body weight and carapace length,carapace width,carapace height of juvenile E.sinensis was described by multiple linear regression equation:Y=-15.763+ 3.118 X1+4.634 X2+3.897 X3,and the correlation coefficient(0.926)indicated that the correlation was significant.This study provides a reference for estimating production and evaluating the quality of E.sinensis.