变革中的公共管理——改革开放以来中国公共管理的十大变化

Public Administration in Changes——Ten Major Changes in China's Public Administration since the Reform and Opening-up Policy was Adopted

从管理基础、管理思想、管理体制、管理职能、管理形态、管理过程、管理运作、管理组织、管理技术、内部管理等十个方面对改革开放以来中国公共管理发生的变化加以考察发现,管理基础实现了从计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变;管理思想实现了从服务于革命事业向公共利益至上、从工具理性向价值理性的转变;管理体制实现了从过度集权向集权向扩大分权的转变;管理职能实现了从全能政府向有限政府的转变;管理形态实现了从党政一体向加强党的全面领导的转变;管理过程实现了从注重过程向注重结果的转变;管理运作实现了从政府单一主体向社会多元参与、从政府垄断运作向引入市场机制的转变;管理组织实现了从纵向运作的官僚制结构向纵横交织的官僚网络结构的转变;管理技术实现了从手工业作坊式的管理向电子政府和网络行政的转变;在内部管理体制上,实现了从干部制度向公务员制度的转变。

By observing from the ten aspects of administration foundation,administration thought,administration system,administration function,administration form,administration process,administration operation,administration organization,administration technology and internal administration,we have investigated the changes in China’s public administration since the reform and opening up policy was adopted. As of the basis of administration,the transformation from the planned economic system to the market economic system has been realized;in terms of the administration ideology,the transformation from serving the revolutionary cause to the public interest first,from the instrumental rationality to the value rationality has been realized;in terms of administration system,it has shifted from the over-centralized mode to centralization and to expansion of decentralization;in terms of the administration function,the transformation from the omnipotent government to the limited-function government was realized;in terms of the administration form,the transformation from Party-Government integrity to strengthening the Party’s overall leadership was realized;in terms of the administration process,the transition from focusing on process to focusing on results has been realized. In terms of the administration operation,the transformation from single government mode to social participation,from government monopoly operation to introduction of market mechanism has been realized. In terms of administration organization,the bureaucratic structure of vertical operation has shifted to the interconnected bureaucratic network structure;in terms of administration of technology,China has achieved the transition from manual mode of workshop-style administration to e-government and network-based administration;in terms of internal administration system,China has realized the shift from cadre system to civil service system.