民初唐绍仪内阁与袁世凯关系新论

Historical Review of the Relationship Between Tang Shaoyi's Cabinet and Yuan Shikai in the Early Republic of China

南北议和后,唐绍仪内阁在南北合作的基础之上组建起来,唐氏本人也把调和南北作为自己的基本政策,在政治上表现出某种超然性。北洋派却视其政策有违本派利益,群起而攻之。参议院中的原立宪派势力亦因敌视同盟会而攻唐,致使唐内阁发生动摇。袁世凯从统治的全局出发,采取了维护唐内阁的态度,居间斡旋,也显示出一定的超然性。然而,在王芝祥督直问题上,唐绍仪的调和政策与袁世凯的统一政策发生了矛盾,并最终导致袁、唐关系决裂。由于调和南北政策破产,唐绍仪终于弃职而去,唐内阁亦随之瓦解。唐内阁的解体,意味着统一政策压倒了调和政策,预示了西方式民主政治失败和大一统集权政治的复活。

After the Revolution of 1911 which gave birth to the Republic of China,a coalition government was formed with Tang Shaoyi as its premier,who himself was committed to keeping apolitical balance between South and North China.However,such a policy was attacked by the Beiyang clique because they considered it injurious to their interests.To challenge the Alliance Society(Tongmenghui,同盟会),the Constitutionalists in the Senate likewise launched an assault against Tang.These developments had shaken the foundation of Tang’s cabinet.In support of Tang,President Yuan Shikai played the mediating role of coordinating the legislature with the cabinet,in order to keep the stability of his presidency.However,on the issue of appointing Wang Zhixiang as Chihli’s governor,Tang’s balance policy conflicted with Yuan’s unification policy,which finally lead to Tang’s break with Yuan Shikai.Due to the failure of his policy,Tang Shaoyi resigned from the premiership and his cabinet disintegrated.The collapse of Tang’s cabinet signified the triumph of the unification policy over the balance policy,which anticipated the decline of western democracy and the revival of unified centralism.