阎锡山与洪宪帝制

Yan Xishan and the Hongxian Monarchy

史学界关于阎锡山在袁世凯复辟帝制期间作为的研究目前仍显薄弱,有大量史料未能得到研究者的注意或充分利用。因此,使用当时的报刊报道、《政府公报》、日记、书信、档案等多元材料,并与阎锡山等人的回忆、来往函电等进行对比考辨,从当时的政治脉络出发,能比较详细地重建阎锡山这一时期的所作所为及其同袁世凯的关系情况,特别是阎对袁世凯复辟帝制之举的具体表态和支持情况,乃至洪宪帝制取消后阎锡山的骑墙观望态度与袁世凯去世后的自保善后举措,希望借此揭示阎锡山支持袁世凯背后的内在逻辑、阎锡山与袁世凯的互相利用关系,以及当时的帝制文化构建情形及其实践效果。阎锡山后来在个人回忆中利用其收藏的来往函电等档案资料,重构了他同袁世凯的关系,大大美化自我形象,以掩饰其昔日参与洪宪帝制的行为。这提醒当今近代政治史研究过度依赖的所谓档案资料,内中实存在不少陷阱与局限。

The current study on Yan Xishan’s activities during Yuan Shikai’s restoration of the monarchy are quite insufficient.There are still historical materials either unnoticed or underused by researchers.This study employs many neglected sources,including reports from newspapers,official gazettes,diaries,memoirs,letters and archives,and compares them with the correspondences and memoirs of people like Yan Xishan at that time.By reconstructing Yan’s deeds at this period and his relationship with Yuan Shikai,this study aims to reveal the inner logic for Yan to support Yuan’s restoration of the monarchy,the reciprocal relationship between them,the cultural construction situation of the monarchy and its practical effect.Later on,Yan Xishan reconstructed his relationship with Yuan in his memoirs through utilizing archives,such as correspondences collected by himself,so as to beautify his image and hide his deeds during the Hongxian Monarchy.This fact reminds us of the traps and limitations existed in the alleged"archives",which are highly relied on in the study of modern political history.