个人信用信息法益及刑法保护:以互联网征信为视角

Legal Interests of Personal Credit Information and Its Protection from Criminal Law

个人信用信息兼具私权和公共属性,其法益内容既包括个人隐私权在内的人格权及其衍生的财产权,也有涉及国家和社会公共安全、利益及秩序的"超个人法益"。在互联网征信领域,法律需要合理设定征信机构、信息提供者和使用者的保护义务,实行多元化、多层次的保护,对个人信用信息侵权犯罪行为予以刑法规制。我国个人信息保护立法存在碎片化问题,需要运用体系解释方法,加强刑法体系的内外部衔接;运用利益衡量方法,对互联网征信的侵权行为进行实质判断,实现个人信用信息法益的整体刑法保护。

Personal credit information has both private rights and public attributes. Its legal interests include personal rights, the property rights derived from these rights, as well as "super-personal legal interests" involving national and social public security, public interests and social order. In the field of internet credit investigation, the law needs to reasonably set the protection obligation of credit investigation institutions, information providers and users, implement diversified and multi-level protection and regulate the infringement of personal credit information by criminal law. There are fragmentation problems in the legislation of personal information protection in our country. We need to use system interpretation method to strengthen the internal and external links of the criminal law system, and use interest measurement method to make substantive judgments on the infringement of Internet credit information, so as to realize the overall criminal law protection of the legal interests of personal credit information.