湖北省农村贫困状况及脱贫影响因素分析

Analysis of Rural Poverty Situation and Its Influencing Factors in Hubei Province

文章采用洛伦兹曲线得出的FGT指数来测算湖北省2005—2016年的绝对贫困和相对贫困状况,并通过建立绝对贫困FGT指数、相对贫困FGT指数和各脱贫影响因素的多元线性回归方程,结果表明:湖北省农村2005—2009年期间农村居民收入两级分化逐渐加大。2010—2012年期间,农村每户居民的收入大幅度增加,收入差距的扩大得到了一定的控制。2013—2016年期间,农村每户居民的收入持续大幅度增长,且贫困居民的收入增量远超过平均人口收入的增量,收入差距得到了很大的改善。农村居民进城从事二三产业工作和政府减免税收政策能有效的降低绝对贫困发生率。劳动技能培训和政府减免税收政策能有效的降低相对贫困发生率,同时降低绝对贫困深度、绝对贫困强度、相对贫困深度和相对贫困强度。

This paper uses the FGT index obtained from Lorenz curve to estimate the absolute poverty and relative poverty in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2016, and the multiple linear regression equation of absolute poverty FGT index, relative poverty FGT index and various factors influencing poverty alleviation are established. The results show that the income polarization of rural residents in Hubei Province gradually increased from 2005 to 2009;between 2010 and 2012, the income of every household in rural areas increased substantially, with the income gap controlled to a certain extent;from 2013 to 2016, the income of every household in rural areas continued to increase substantially, with the income increment of poor residents much higher than that of the average population, thus the income gap is greatly narrowed;rural residents entering cities to work in secondary and tertiary industries and the government’s tax reduction and exemption policies effectively help to reduce the incidence of absolute poverty;labor skill training and government tax reduction and exemption policies can effectively reduce the incidence of relative poverty, and at the same time, the depth and intensity of absolute poverty, and the depth and intensity of relative poverty can be reduced.