中国高铁的国际化进入模式研究

Research on the Internationalization Entry Mode of China's High-speed Rail

研究目的:近年来,中国高铁取得了长足的发展,中国高铁的国际化问题越来越成为社会各界关注的焦点。中国高铁具有成本低、工期短、路网规模大、运营速度高等特点,具有全产业链是中国高铁的突出优势。采用何种模式进入国际高铁市场?是高铁相关企业分别独立地推进国际化进程还是将高铁工程建设、装备制造、运营管理、投融资作为一个整体开展国际竞争是中国高铁国际化首先要解决的问题。研究结论:(1)高铁相关企业分别独立地进行国际化(部分国际化)与高铁产业整体国际化互为补充、相互促进;(2)对外直接投资是中国高铁国际化的发展方向;(3)以投资人身份,整合高铁全产业链和投融资,参与国际高铁项目的全生命周期,能够推动中国高铁的整体国际化,也实现了中国高铁部分国际化与整体国际化的统一;(4)以投资人身份推动中国高铁整体国际化的模式是经实践检验的、切实可行的模式,是可以复制和推广的。

Research purposes:In recent years,China’s high-speed rail has made considerable development.The internationalization of China’s high-speed rail has increasingly become the focus of attention.China’s high-speed rail has the characteristics of low cost,short construction period,large scale of road network and high speed of operation.The whole industry chain is the prominent advantage of China’s high-speed rail.What mode should be adopted to enter the international high-speed rail market? It is the first problem to be solved for the internationalization of high-speed railway in China whether the enterprises independently promote the process of internationalization or take high-speed railway construction,equipment manufacturing,operation management,investment and financing as a whole to carry out international competition.Research conclusions:(1) The internationalization of related enterprises,i.e.partial internationalization and the whole internationalization of high-speed rail industry are mutually complementary and reinforcing.(2) Foreign direct investment is the development direction of China’s high-speed rail internationalization.(3) As an investor,integrating the high-speed rail industry chain,investment and financing,and participating the whole life cycle of international high-speed rail projects can promote the overall internationalization of China’s high-speed rail,and also achieve the unity of the partial internationalization and the whole internationalization.(4) The mode of promoting the whole internationalization of China’s high-speed rail as an investor has been proved feasible by practice and can be replicated and popularized.