无核抗病葡萄胚挽救育种与应用

Breeding for New Seedless Grapevine Varieties With Disease-resistance Using Embryo Rescue

以无核的欧洲葡萄作母本,抗病性强的‘北醇’‘左优红’‘塘尾’作父本,大田杂交后在胚败育前采集幼果,无菌条件下采用离体胚挽救的方法获得杂种后代植株,研究了亲本基因型、胚萌发培养基中蔗糖浓度和GA_3浓度对无核葡萄胚挽救育种效率的影响,并对杂种幼苗进行分子标记辅助选择,以期为无核葡萄胚挽救育种效率的提高提供参考依据,并初步筛选出无核抗病葡萄新材料。结果表明:获得232个杂交株系,练苗成活株系227株。以‘无核白鸡心’‘昆香无核’为母本的杂交组合胚挽救效果较好,适宜在无核葡萄胚挽救中作母本。胚萌发培养基中最适蔗糖浓度为2.0%,胚萌发培养基中最适GA_3浓度为0.5μmol·L^(-1);对获得的杂种后代幼苗,利用2种葡萄无核标记SCF27-2000、SCC8-1018对124株胚挽救杂交子代无核基因进行分子标记检测,初步确定无核株系74株,胚挽救后代无核率为59.7%,利用葡萄抗白粉病标记ScORN3-R对65株胚挽救杂交子代进行抗白粉病基因检测,65个胚挽救杂交后代株系均未扩增出760bp抗白粉病标记特异性条带。

European seedless cultivars were taken as female parent,and some cultivars with high disease resistance were taken as male parent,such as‘Beichun’‘Zuoyouhong’and‘Tangwei’.Young berries were gathered before embryo abortion,and hybrid progenies were collected via embryo rescue in vitro under aseptic conditions.The effects of parental genotype,concentration of sucrose and GA3 in embryo germination medium on the efficiency of breeding seedless grape by embryo rescue were studied,in addition,molecular markers were applied in screening seedlessness or disease resistance of hybrid seedlings in order to provide reference for improving embryo rescue efficiency and screen the new materials of seedless and disease resistance grape preliminarily.The results showed that 232 strains were obtained and 227 of them were domesticated and transplanted;‘Centennial Seedless’ and‘Kunxiang Seedless’ were more suitable for female parent,because their embryo rescue efficiency were better.In the medium for embryo germination,the optimal sugar concentration was 2.0% and the optimal GA3 concentration was 0.5μmol·L^-1.Two molecular markers for seedless grapevines,such as SCF27-2000 and SCC8-1018 were selected for detecting 124 hybrid progenies.The result showed that 74 hybrid progenies were identified and the seedless rate of hybrid progenies was 59.7%.For resistance to powdery mildew,the molecular marker ScORN3-R was used for 65 hybrid progenies,but the specific brand 760 bp was not detected.