小群饲养带犊母牛舍的设计

The design on breeding house of small group suckler cows with calves

为了提高母带犊饲养工艺的饲养水平,解决好生产工艺如何与牛舍建筑配套的问题,改善母牛与犊牛的福利水平,研究设计了小群饲养带犊母牛舍。该牛舍设计为双坡牛舍、东西朝向,长度为144 m、跨度为30 m、檐高4.5 m,共可饲养192组母带犊牛。每侧屋面通长设置1条6.0 m宽采光带,冬至10:00—14:00光线可直接照射牛体,减缓冬季牛只冷应激;夏季采用遮阳网覆盖避免阳光直射;同时,在屋脊处通长设置1.2 m高的钟楼,以满足牛只饲养的通风量标准。舍内分别为母牛与犊牛提供活动区域,母牛卧床采用沙土地面,犊牛栏内铺设垫料,以提高母仔的福利水平,且母仔定时分离,既利于母牛为犊牛提供奶源,又可避免犊牛对母牛过多的损耗。

In order to improve the feeding level of the suckler cows with calves,solve the crucial problem of how to match the production process with the building of the cow house in the production of beef cattle,and increase the management efficiency and improve the welfare of cows and calves,we designed a breeding house of small group suckler cows with calves.The barn can be determined as double slope roof and east west facing,length of 144 m,span of 30 m,eaves height at 4.5 m and there are total of 192 groups of suckler cows with calves in it.Each side of the roof is settled with a continuous daylighting belts of 6.0 m,so the sunlight can directly illuminate cow body from 10 am to 2 pm at winter solstice,relieve cold stress of the beef cattle.And in summer,sunshade net can be used to avoid direct sunlight.At the same time,1.2 m high ridge cap was designed to promote inner air exchange to met the requirement ventilation rate of beef cattle.The barn provides individual activity area for both cows and calves,while cows could lay on sand ground and calves could lay on mat grass.This way can improve the welfare level of them.Besides,they are separated at regular intervals which is beneficial for cows to provide the milk to the calves and avoid the excessive energy loss of the cows.