干细胞免疫教育临床治疗糖尿病的分子和细胞学机制研究进展

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the Stem Cell Educator therapy for the clinical treatment of diabetes

免疫紊乱和胰岛β细胞缺乏是1型和2型糖尿病共同存在的关键问题。经过国际多中心的临床和基础研究证明了干细胞免疫教育(Stem Cell Educator)治疗糖尿病患者的安全性和临床疗效;脐血多能干细胞CB-SC可通过细胞膜分子和释放的可溶性分子修复患者的多种免疫细胞紊乱(包括T细胞、调节性T细胞、单核细胞),纠正自身免疫记忆;另外,可通过血小板释放的线粒体,进一步发挥免疫调节作用,刺激胰岛β细胞的再生,改善胰岛功能和糖代谢,为糖尿病的治疗开辟了崭新的途径。

Multiple immune dysfunctions and shortage of islet beta cells are two key issues for type 1 (T1D)and type 2 (T2D)diabetes.International multi-center clinical studies and basic research have demonstrated the safety and clinical efficacy of Stem Cell Educator therapy for the treatment of T1D and T2D.CB-SC display multiple immune modulations on T cells,regulatory T cells (Tregs),and monocytes through various molecular mechanisms,such as cell-cell contacting,releasing soluble factors,and correcting the autoimmune memory.Recently,we found that platelet-releasing mitochondria exhibit the immune modulation and can migrate to pancreatic islets and be taken up by islet beta cells,leading to the proliferation and enhancement of islet beta cell functions.These findings reveal new mechanisms underlying Stem Cell Educator therapy and open up new avenues to improve the treatment of diabetes in clinics.