郴州市典型土壤的发生特性及其在中国土壤系统分类的归属

Typical soil genetic characteristics in Chenzhou City and their attributions to Chinese Soil Taxonomy

为了探明湖南省郴州市典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,选取郴州市8个典型土壤剖面,通过查阅资料、野外调查取样和室内分析,参照《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》和中国土壤系统分类土族和土系的划分标准,确定其诊断层、诊断特性及在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明:8个典型供试土壤剖面含有暗瘠表层、淡薄表层、黏化层、低活性富铁层、雏形层5个诊断层,铁质特性、铝质现象、准石质接触面、土壤水分状况(常湿润、湿润)、土壤温度状况(热性)5个诊断特性与现象;由此检索出富铁土、淋溶土、雏形土、新成土4个土纲;湿润富铁土、湿润淋溶土、常湿雏形土、湿润雏形土、正常新成土5个亚纲;黏化湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土、铁质湿润淋溶土、酸性常湿雏形土、铁质湿润雏形土、湿润正常新成土6个土类;普通黏化湿润富铁土、普通铝质湿润淋溶土、红色铁质湿润淋溶土、铁质酸性常湿雏形土、红色铁质湿润雏形土、普通铁质湿润雏形土、普通湿润正常新成土7个亚类;黏壤质硅质混合型酸性热性—普通铁质湿润雏形土等8个土族;建立了上洞系(43-CZ01)、五一系(43-CZ02)等8个土系。此研究实现了郴州市典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,对中国土壤系统分类中的土壤水分状况提出建议;增添了郴州市多种类型土壤的基础属性信息,为土壤调查制图和农业生产指导等提供了依据。

In the present study,eight typical upland soil profiles in Chenzhou City were selected to study the soil genetic characteristics and their attribution to Chinese Soil Taxonomy.After collecting the relevant soil information,field surveying and laboratory analyzing,the diagnostic horizon and characteristics of soils in Chenzhou City were determined and their attribution to Chinese Soil Taxonomy were identified on the base of "the keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy(3 rd edition)" and "Chinese classification standards of soil family and soil series".Results showed that 5 diagnostic horizons,i.e.,umbric epipedon,ochric epipedon,argic horizon,LAC-ferric horizon and cambic horizon;and 5 diagnostic characteristics and evidences,i.e.,paralithic contact,ferric property,alic evidence,soil moisture regimes(perudic,udic) and soil temperature regimes(thermic) were found in the selected 8 soil profiles.These soils were consequently considered to belong to 4 orders,i.e.,Ferrosols,Argosols,Cambosols and Primosols,5 suborders,i.e.,Udic Ferrisols,Udic Argosols,Perudic Cambisols,Udic Cambisols and Orthic Primosols,6 groups including Agri-Udic Ferrosols,Ali-Udic Argosols,Ferri-Udic Argosols,Acidi-Perudic Cambosols,Ferri-Udic Cambosols and Udi-Orthic Primosols,7 subgroups containing Typic Argi-Udic Ferrosols,Typic Ali-Udic Argosols,Red Ferri-Udic Argosols,Typic Acidi-Perudic Cambosols,Red Ferri-Udic Cambosols,Typic Ferri-Udic Cambosols,Typic Udi-Orthic Primosols,and 8 soil families such asClayey loamy silica mixture acidic thermic-Typic Ferri-Udic Cambosols.Accordingly,8 soil series,such as Shangdong series(43-CZ01) and Wuyi series(43-CZ02),were established.This study ascertained the attribution of typical upland soils in Chenzhou City to Chinese Soil Taxonomy, and putted forward some suggestions on soil moisture status. Furthermore, it enriched the basic property information of various types of soils in Chenzhou City,which provided basis theories in soil investigation and mapping and agricultural production.