钢板-橡胶吸能圈的设计方法

A Method for Designing Steel Plate-rubber Energy Absorption Ring

钢材和橡胶是两种常见的工程材料,两者组合起来具有较好的吸能和回弹性能。为了综合两种材料的优异性能用于工程设计,提出了一种由外钢板、橡胶圈和内钢板组成的钢板-橡胶吸能圈(简称钢板-橡胶圈)以用于防撞设计,并由此开展了基于钢板-橡胶圈的设计方法研究:使用有限元软件建立了外径为1 m的25个具有不同结构参数(钢板厚度、环壁厚)的钢板-橡胶圈有限元模型,其中钢板厚度选取的尺寸为0,5,10,15,20,25 mm,环壁厚选取的尺寸是0. 05,0. 1,0. 15,0. 2,0. 25 m。定义无量纲比值:钢板厚、环壁厚、圈的径向相对变形比。通过数值仿真和统计分析,建立了圈的性能参数(吸能量)与这3个无量纲比值的经验公式,并进行了相应的误差分析,确定了经验公式具有一定的可信度。同时,基于工程设计优化需要,定义了基于回弹率的优化筛选原则,用于筛选掉满足耗能要求但不满足回弹率要求的钢板-橡胶圈。参照结构试验的相似理论,将1 m外径的钢板-橡胶圈的经验公式推广到更多不同外径钢板-橡胶圈中。最后,提出了一种较为实用的用于桥梁防撞结构的钢板-橡胶圈的设计流程,并依照设计流程给出了相关的设计算例。

Steel and rubber are 2 common engineering materials,which have good energy absorption and rebound performance. To integrate the excellent properties of the 2 materials for engineering design,a steel plate-rubber energy absorption ring( hereafter called steel plate-rubber ring) composed of outer steel plate,rubber ring and inner steel plate is designed for anti-collision design,and a design method based on steel plate-rubber ring is conducted. Twenty-five finite element models of steel plate-rubber ring with 1 m outer diameter and different structural parameters( steel plate thickness,ring wall thickness) are established by using finite element software. Among which,the thicknesses of the steel plate are 0,5,10,15,20,25 mm,and the thicknesses of ring wall are 0. 05,0. 1,0. 15,0. 2,0. 25 m. The dimensionless ratios( relative deformation ratios of steel plate thickness,ring wall thickness,ring radial dimension) are defined. The empirical formulas of the ring’s performance parameters( energy absorption) and these dimensionless ratios are established through numerical simulation and statistical analysis, and the corresponding errors are analyzed. Meanwhile,based on the optimization of engineering design,the optimal screening principle based on rebound rate is defined to screening out the steel plate-rubber ring which meets the requirement of energy absorption but does not meet the requirement of rebound rate. Referring to the similarity theory of structuretest,the empirical formula of steel plate-rubber ring with 1 m outer diameter is extended to steel plate-rubber rings with different diameters. Finally,a practical design procedure of steel plate-rubber ring for bridge anticollision structure is proposed,and the relevant design example is given according to the design procedure.