中国转基因食品风险规制路径的选择

Choice of risk regulation path of genetically modified food in China

转基因食品安全性的争议由来已久,这场争议与消费者、生物技术公司、政府管理者、非政府组织和科学家都密切相关,其主要核心包括转基因食品的上市标注、政府管理者的责任、相关科学研究的目的、转基因作物对环境和健康的影响、对害虫抗药性的影响、对农业生产者的影响和转基因作物对满足全球粮食需求的作用。在风险社会下,转基因食品安全不仅关系着广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,还影响着经济发展与社会稳定,因此需要健全转基因食品安全风险规制体制。本文从转基因食品风险规制路径入手,分析了市场、科学、民主3种风险规制路径的优缺点,再从中国的实际情况出发,结合中国转基因食品的背景以及相关法律法规以及费雪的行政宪政主义,提出了适合中国的转基因风险规制的有效路径,从而在公众对转基因食品安全质疑的情况下,对其进行有效的风险规制,以期为通过法律监管手段提升转基因食品的安全性监管提供理论依据,并为中国转基因食品的风险规制路径的完善提出建议。

The controversy over the safety of genetically modified foods has been long-standing,and this controversy is closely related to consumers,biotechnology companies,government regulators,non-governmental organizations and scientists.Its main core includes the labling of genetically modified foods,the responsibility of government managers,the purpose of relevant scientific research,the impact of genetically modified crops on the environment and health,the impact on pest resistance,the impact on agricultural producers and the role of genetically modified crops in meeting global food demand.In a risk society,genetically modified food safety not only affects the health and safety of the people,but also affects economic development and social stability.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the safety risk regulation system of genetically modified food.This paper started with the risk regulation path of genetically modified foods,and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the 3 risk regulation paths of market,science and democracy.Based on the actual situation in China,combined with the background of China’s genetically modified foods,relevant laws and regulations,and Fisher’s administrative constitutionalism,this article proposed the effective path for China’s genetically modified risk regulation.Therefore,genetically modified foods can be effectively regulated in the case of uncertainties.This review hopes to provide a theoretical basis for improving the safety of genetically modified foods through legal supervision and suggestions for the improvement of the risk regulation path of genetically modified foods in China.