气吸垂直圆盘式水稻精量排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Air-suction Vertical Disc Precision Seed Metering Device for Rice

为满足水稻大田精量直播机械化需求,设计了一种气吸式垂直圆盘排种器。阐述了该排种器的工作原理,根据农艺要求和实际试验确定了其吸种孔的布置方式,通过理论计算确定了其主要结构及工作参数。开展了吸孔直径、排种盘转速和吸种负压对排种性能影响的试验研究,结果表明:影响排种性能的主次因素依次为气室真空度、排种盘转速、气室真空度与排种盘转速的交互项;最优工作参数组合为吸种孔直径1. 4 mm、转速40 r/min、气室真空度1. 8kPa,在此条件下排种合格指数为82. 91、重播指数为11. 56、漏播指数为5. 53,满足水稻的精密播种要求。

In order to realize mechanized direct seeding of rice,a air-suction precision metering device for rice was designed.Working principle of metering device was expounded. Structural parameters of metering device were determined by the theoretical calculation,which contained the suction hole diameter and negative pressure. In order to verify the performance of seed-metering device and find the best parameter combination,orthogonal test was carried out by using the eligible index,multiple index and missing index as experimental indexes. The optimal experimental results were: suction hole diameter of 1. 4 mm,rotating speed of seed tray of 40 r/min and negative pressure of 1. 8 kPa,and corresponding performance indexes were as following: eligible index was 82. 91,multiple index was 11. 56 and missing index was 5. 53,which could completely meet requirement of technical specifications of quality evaluation.