联合国教科文组织与文化政策研究:20世纪七八十年代

UNESCO and cultural policy study:the 1970’s and 1980’s

在联合国教科文组织框架中,“文化政策”这个概念被广泛关注是从20世纪60年代末开始的。20世纪七八十年代,从1970年威尼斯文化政策会议到1982年墨西哥城世界文化大会,联合国教科文组织组织或协助召开了一系列地区性部长会议,并出版了一系列关于不同国家的文化政策报告,对文化政策进行了相对系统集中的讨论,对文化政策领域提出了一系列值得关注的问题,并通过与众多成员国及文化政策行为主体的互动,丰富了文化政策的内涵,扩展了文化政策的边界,直接或间接地推动了文化政策研究的发展。与其实际操作层面的项目(如遗产保护)相比,联合国教科文组织的上述文化政策方面的努力并不太受到重视,中国更是几乎完全游离于这期间的讨论之外。但是,如果从建构主义视角出发,上述努力正是要为文化领域制定根本规则、建构元理论。本文从这一基本认识出发,将20世纪七八十年代教科文组织的这一努力置于西方对于文化公共行动的历史悠久讨论中,并结合当代知识分子及学术界对于文化政策的探讨,探索联合国教科文组织与文化政策研究的关系,并以此管窥世界文化秩序与规范的形成机制。

In the context of UNESCO,it is from the end of 1960's when the concept of "cultural policy"came into the official field of vision,even though there has been a lot of policy in the field of culture.There has been in-depth discussion on the fundamental problems of the philosophic base of cultural policy not until the end of 1960's,especially 1970 Venice cultural policy.UNESCO organized a series of regional conference and published numbers of national cultural policy reports,which expand the border of cultural policy and foster the development of cultural policy study.Compared with the practical projects(such as cultural heritage protection),this endeavor of UNESCO is not paid enough attention.And China was totally outside this discussion.However,if from the perspective of constructivism,the endeavor played the role of formulate the international and national rule in the cultural field.This essay looked back at this endeavor of UNESCO, placed it in the history of the discussion of cultural public action,and combined it with recent academic thinking of cultural policy,explore the rela- tionship of UNESCO and cultural policy and the formulation mechanism of the cultural order and norms.