循环非编码RNA作为乳腺癌标志物的研究进展

Circulating non-coding RNAs as biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis

非编码RNA(ncRNA)为不具备编码蛋白质功能的基因组转录产物,在基因转录、转录后及翻译水平发挥调控作用,与肿瘤发生和发展密切相关。ncRNA以微泡、外泌体或蛋白质复合物形式进入循环系统,形成循环ncRNA,稳定而广泛存在于血液、尿液等体液中。某些循环ncRNA在肿瘤中存在差异性表达,提示其具备作为肿瘤液体活检标志物的潜在价值。本文对循环ncRNA中的微小RNA(miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和环状RNA(circRNA)作为乳腺癌标志物的研究进展进行综述,探讨了循环ncRNA作为乳腺癌诊断与预后新型生物标志物的临床应用价值。

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are genomic transcripts that do not encode proteins. They are also closely associated with tumor initiation and progression, as they play regulatory roles in gene transcription, post-transcription, and translation. Moreover, ncRNAs may enter circulatory system in the form of microvesicles or exosomes, or in combination with protein. The circulating ncRNAs are stable and widely existed in body fluids such as blood and urine. Certain circulating ncRNAs are differentially expressed in tumors, suggesting that they have potential value as novel tumor biomarkers. This article briefly reviews the progress of circulating microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) as breast cancer biomarkers, and discusses the clinical value of circulating ncRNA as a novel biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.