国际学生流动中的效率与公平——以欧洲伊拉斯谟学生流动项目为例

Efficiency and Equity in International Student Mobility——Take the European Erasmus Student Mobility Programme as an Example

欧盟在高等教育国际化发展进程中一直积极倡导卓越性和平等性并举。作为其推动的战略计划,伊拉斯谟学生流动项目深刻体现了这一发展理念。通过分析近几年该项目的实施现状及效果可以看出,这一计划增强了欧洲劳动力市场的活力,推动了学术成果的交流转化,抑制了优秀人才的外流,提升了学生的欧洲维度与国际发展意识,在提高高等教育国际化效率方面取得了不菲的成绩。然而,由于成本投入、流动吸引力等方面的不同,参与国之间在流动收益及学生参与机会上仍存在明显的地区差异,高等教育国际化的公平性目标尚未真正实现。

In the development process of internationalization of higher education, the European Union has always been actively advocating excellence as well as equality. As the strategic plan to promote higher education internationalization, the Erasmus student mobility programme reflects this development concept profoundly. Analyzing the present situation and recent years’ effectiveness of the European university students’ cross-border mobility through the Erasmus programme reveals that this plan has strengthened the vitality of the European labour markets, promoted the exchange and transformation of academic achievements, restrained the brain drain, improved European students’ consciousness of European dimension and internationalization development, and lifted the international efficiency. However, owing to the difference in the cost input and attraction between different participating countries, the mobility benefit and students’ participation opportunity display great regional difference,the fairness goal of the international student mobility has not been realized yet.