977例大学生近视影响因素分析

Influencing factors of myopia of 977 college students

目的分析总结影响近视的因素,提出预防近视的方法和建议,为学校和卫生部门制订预防近视政策提供参考和依据。方法对2017年入学的大学生检查视力及屈光度,发放问卷调查,运用列联分析的方法,使用SPSS Version 21软件,分析近视眼患病率、男女生差异;调查睡眠时间、看书姿势、照明灯光的强弱对屈光参差性近视的影响;分析不同学科近视眼患病率的差异。结果 2017级学生近视眼检出率为86.84%。男女生轻、中、高度近视检出率的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.426,P>0.05);看书姿势与屈光参差性近视有相关性;理科生近视高于艺术生。理科生高度近视眼检出率较高。结论学生从小养成良好学习习惯,不躺着看书,不歪头看书,管理好每天近距离学习的时间,看近看远交替用眼。

Objective To analyze and summarize the factors that influence myopia,and propose methods and recommendations for the prevention of myopia,so as to provide reference and basis for the school and the health department to formulate a policy to prevent myopia.Methods The students who enrolled in 2017 were examined for visual acuity and diopter,and a questionnaire survey was performed.The results were analyzed by using the contingency analysis method and SPSS Version 21 software,including the prevalence rate of myopia,the difference between the male and female students in myopia,the effects of sleep time,reading posture and lighting intensity on anisometropic myopia,and the difference among the students with different subjects in the prevalence rate of myopia.Results The prevalence rate of myopia in Class 2017 was 86.84%.There was no significant difference between the male and female students in the prevalence rates of mild myopia,moderate myopia,and high myopia(χ^2=2.426,P>0.05).There was a correlation between the reading posture and refractive index.The prevalence rate of myopia in the students majored in science was higher than that in the students majored in art,and there was a significant difference.The detection rate of high myopia in the students majored in science was higher.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the health education for students to develop a good habit of learning,including good reading posture,the well management of the time of close reading every day,and so on.