哈尔滨市1722名4～5岁儿童行为问题调查

Investigation on behavioral problems of 1 722 children aged 4-5 years in Harbin City

目的调查哈尔滨市城区4~5岁儿童心理行为问题现况,对易感幼儿的家庭提出保护性建议。方法于2016年12月采用随机整群抽样的方式对哈尔滨市12所幼儿园大、中、小班级4~5岁幼儿的家长进行问卷调查,发放问卷1 900份,有效回收问卷1 722份,回收率为90.6%。其中男幼儿905人(52.6%),女幼儿817人(47.4%)。本次调查采用量表包括一般情况量表和Achenbach儿童行为量表。结果本次调查幼儿有心理行为问题者279人,总检出率为16.1%。男幼儿行为问题检出率14.5%,女幼儿行为问题检出率18.1%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.041);不同年龄组、是否独生幼儿行为问题检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。父母是否争吵的4岁组、5岁组幼儿行为问题检出率差异均有统计学意义(P <0.01);父母是否离婚的4岁组、5岁组幼儿行为问题检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4岁组和5岁组幼儿行为问题检出率随父亲文化程度降低而升高;4岁组母亲文化程度为高中及初中的幼儿行为问题检出率最高,5岁组母亲文化程度为本科的幼儿行为问题检出率最低。结论哈尔滨市城市幼儿的心理行为检出率较高,幼儿性别、父母争吵、父母文化程度等因素对幼儿的行为问题检出率有影响。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of psychological and behavioral problems among children aged 4-5 years in Harbin City,and put forward protective suggestions for the families of susceptible children.Methods In December 2016,a randomized cluster sampling method was used to select 1900 parents of children aged 4-5 years from 12 kindergartens in Harbin City and a questionnaire survey was carried out.The survey used the scales,including the general siuation scale and the Child Behavior Checklist.Totally 1 722 questionnaires were returned,and the recovery rate was 90.6%.Among them,the number of male children was 905(52.6%),and the number of female children was 817(47.4%).Results There were 279 children with psychological and behavioral problems,with a total detection rate of 16.1%.The detection rate of behavioral problems in the male children was 14.5%,the detection rate of behavioral problems in female children was18.1%,and there was a significant difference between the boys and girls in the detection rate of behavioral problems(P=0.041).There were no significant differences among the different age groups and between the only child group and multiple children group in the detection rate of behavioral problems(P=1.000 and 0.600 respectively).There was a significant difference in the detection rate of behavioral problems between the subgroups of parents with often quarrels and the subgroups without often quarrels in the 4 years old group and the 5 years old group(P=0.000 and P=0.001,respectively).There was no significant difference in the detection rate of behavioral problems between the subgroups of parental divorce and the subgroups of no parental divorce in the 4 years old group and the 5 years old group(P>0.05).In the 4 years old group and 5 years old group,the detection rates of behavioral problems increased with the decrease of the fathers’ educational levels.In the 4 years old group,the detection rate of behavioral problems was the highest when the mothers had senior high school or junior high school educational levels.In the 5 years old group,the detection rate of behavioral problems was the lowest when the mothers had the college educational level.Conclusion The detection rate of children’s psychological and behavioral problems is higher in Harbin City,and the influencing factors include the children’s gender,parental conflict,and parental educational levels.