成都市3～6岁学龄前儿童运动素质指标分析

Analysis of sport quality indicators among preschoolers aged 3-6 years in Chengdu City

目的了解目前成都市学龄前儿童影响体质水平的各运动素质指标,探讨学龄前儿童各运动素质指标的年龄性别差异及发展特点。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取成都市5所公立幼儿园1 077名3~6岁学龄前儿童,并依据《国民体质测定标准手册》(幼儿部分)进行体质测试,采用方差分析对不同年龄组不同性别儿童的运动素质指标评分进行比较,采用卡方检验对不同年龄组及不同性别的运动素质指标评级进行比较。结果除坐位体前屈外,男童女童立定跳远、走平衡木、双脚连续跳、10 m折返跑、网球掷远5个项目的水平均随年龄增长而显著提高;男女童仅有坐位体前屈与10 m折返跑2项指标的评级分布存在差异,且女童均优于男童。运动素质指标单项分析中,儿童在双脚连续跳表现最优,而坐位体前屈中表现最差。结论成都市3~6岁学龄前儿童不同运动素质指标的发展存在显著差异,应根据不同年龄、不同性别及不同运动素质指标制定个性化的运动干预策略,以增强学龄前儿童的体质发展水平。

Objective To understand the sport quality indicators with regard to physical fitness level among the preschoolers in Chengdu City and explore the gender difference and age difference as well as development characteristics.Methods A total of 1 077 preschoolers aged 3-6 years were selected as study objects from 5 kindergartens in Chengdu City by the stratified cluster sampling method and the physical fitness examinations were conducted according to the National Physical Fitness Examination Standard Manual.The sport quality indicators were compared among/between the different age groups and gender groups by variance analysis or chi-square test.Results The major sport quality indicators,including standing board jump,balance beam,double hop,10-meter shuttle run,and tennis throw away,increased with the age increasing in both male and female preschoolers.There were differences between the male and female preschoolers in sit and reach,and 10-meter shuttle run,and the latter was superior to the former.Among all the indicators,the double hop was the optimal but the sit and reach was worst.Conclusion The development of multiple sport quality indicators of the preschoolers is significantly different in Chengdu City.Therefore,we should formulate the targeted interventions according to the different ages,genders and sport quality indicators in order to enhance the physical fitness level among them.