膜下滴灌施肥对樱桃产量品质和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of drip fertigation beneath mulched film on cherry yield,quality and soil fertility in cherry orchard

为寻求膜下滴灌施肥条件下果树栽培的最佳水肥调控阈值,以樱桃为试验材料,灌水量和施肥量各设3个水平(即设计灌溉定额的70%、85%和100%及推荐滴灌施肥量的60%、80%和100%),传统畦灌冲施为对照,为寻求膜下滴灌施肥条件下樱桃栽培的最佳水肥调控阈值进行了研究。结果表明:灌水量、施肥量和水肥交互作用对樱桃的产量品质和土壤养分含量等指标有不同程度的影响。相比传统畦灌冲施方式,膜下合理滴灌施肥能得到更佳的产量品质和土壤肥力,能有效提高樱桃树的水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力。其中,最佳水肥组合是中水高肥(W_2F_3),其产量(3 174.61kg/hm^2)、纵径(23.15mm)、可溶性总糖含量(17.82%)和水分利用效率(9.69kg/kg)达到最高,可滴定酸较低(0.41%),主要吸水吸肥土层(20~40cm)的全氮含量最高,其他品质、速效养分和有机质等指标也处较高水平。该研究为果园拟定高效高产的滴灌施肥制度提供了数据支撑。

To explore the optimal regulation combination of water and composite soluble fertilizers supplied with drip irrigation system beneath mulched film,a field drip fertigation experiment was conducted in a cherry orchard at three irrigation levels(W1,W2 and W3,i.e.70%,85% and 100% of designed irrigation quota)and three fertilizer levels(F1,F2 and F3,i.e.60%,80% and 100% of recommend dose of fertilizers for drip irrigation)were designed.Conventional border irrigation and fertilization method was set as control(CK).The results showed that the amount of irrigation and soluble fertilizers showed significant effects on the cherry yield,quality,irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE),partial factor productivity(PFP)and main nutrients content at the 0-100 cm soil layer.The drip fertigation beneath mulched film with reasonable regulation of water and fertilizer obtained better yield,quality and soil fertility than those of conventional method.IWUE and PFP were both improved effectively.The treatment with medium water deficit and enough fertilizer(W2F3)was considered as the best combination for cherry tree,which obtained the highest yield(3174.61 kg/hm2),vertical diameter(23.15 mm),total soluble sugar content(17.82%)and IWUE(9.69 kg/kg),the lowest titratable acid(0.41%).Other quality indicators and soil nutrients such as the content of total nitrogen,available nutrients and organic matter at the 20-40 cm soil layer were relatively better.This study provided scientific data supports for the effective and productive water and fertilizer-saving system in orchard.