水稻抗性淀粉的分子基础和育种研究进展

Molecular Base and Breeding Progress of Resistant Starch in Rice

淀粉是人类能量的主要来源,淀粉在消化道中被水解成葡萄糖,进而用于细胞的代谢。当细胞的能量需求减少时,多余的能量作为糖原或脂肪存储在体内。因此,长期的过度饮食和缺乏运动都可能会导致一些健康问题,如肥胖和2型糖尿病。而抗性淀粉(resistant starch, RS)在体内消化缓慢,具有降低血糖和血脂、控制体重、促进矿物质的消化和吸收等多种生理功能,是近年来功能食品领域的研究热点。水稻是人类的重要粮食,但大多数水稻品种的RS含量往往低于3%。因此,开展水稻RS的理论研究和高RS水稻品种的选育非常重要。本综述总结了RS的功能和类型,着重对水稻RS相关基因和分子机理的研究进行了总结,并归纳了中国高RS水稻育种的进展,以期为水稻RS研究和分子育种提供参考。

Starch is the main source of human energy. Starch is normally hydrolyzed into glucose in the digestive tract and further used for metabolism by cells. When the required energy of cells decreases, the excess calories are stored in the body as glycogen or fats. Therefore, long-term overeating and lack of exercises would cause health problems, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, resistant starch(RS) is digested slowly in body, which is helpful to several physiological functions, such as lowering blood glucose and lipid levels, controlling weight,promoting mineral digestion and absorption in human body. Therefore, RS has become a research focus in the field of functional food. Rice is an important food for mankind, but the content of RS in most rice varieties is usually less than 3%. So, it is important to carry out the theoretical research of rice RS and breeding of high RS in rice. The review summarized the functions and types of RS, especially the study of RS-related genes and molecular mechanism of rice. In addition, we introduce the progress in high RS rice breeding in China, so as to provide valuable information and reference for RS study and molecular breeding in rice.