初级阶段对外汉字教学新法——根字口诀法

A New Method for Teaching Primary Stage Chinese Characters to Foreigners——Through Root-Character Verses

汉字教学是汉语教学中的"瓶颈"。如何打开"瓶颈"?优化入门阶段的汉字教学方案和方法尤其关键。"根字口诀法"是一种适用于初级阶段对外汉字教学的新方法,它以116个根字和4个补充字为材料,编成7段韵文,以韵文口诀为经,以根字扩展为纬,经纬交织,推进教学。它所遵循的教学理念包括:汉字教学为汉语教学服务,二者互相促进;遵循由简入繁、以简御繁的教学原则;汉字入门教学应以根字为本位;等等。所选根字具有很强的基础性、常用性和构字组词能力,是构成汉字符号体系基础部分的核心成员。所编口诀有意义,有韵律,篇幅短小,易学易记。根字口诀法有利于消除外国学生对汉字的畏难心理,激发对汉字的学习兴趣,能引导学生轻松入门,教学效果良好。

Chinese character teaching is a "bottleneck" in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. How do we unblock this "bottleneck"? The key is to optimize the programs and methods of teaching Chinese characters at the very beginning. The method of "Root-Character Verses" is a new method for teaching Chinese characters to foreigners at the primary stage. There are altogether seven verses made up of 116 root characters and 4 supplementary characters. Starting with the verses, the teaching and learning of Chinese characters are carried forward with the expansion of root characters. The basic ideas behind this method include: Chinese characters serving the Chinese language and Chinese character teaching and Chinese language teaching promoting each other;root characters being the basis for Chinese character teaching;the principle of "progressing from simple to complex and conquering the complex with the simple", etc. The root characters selected are basic and common ones with a strong character-building and word-forming ability;they are the core of the fundamental part of the Chinese symbol system. The verses are meaningful, rhythmic, short in length and easy to remember. This method is helpful in reducing foreigners’ fear of and increasing their interest in learning Chinese characters. It is an easy and effective way to usher in Chinese character learning.