清前期暹罗总修院的中国修生(1665—1760)

Chinese Seminarians in the College General of Siam in Early Qing Dynasty, 1665-1760

1665年,为了培育东亚本土神职人员,巴黎外方传教会在暹罗首都大城建立了一座总修院。此后近百年间,至少有五十位中国学生进入该修院学习神学、拉丁文及其他西方人文学科。虽然这些学生并没有踏上欧洲本土,但其中一些人的学识并不逊于当时欧洲修生的水准。他们回国之后,在传播西方宗教和文化方面均不乏建树。从清代中西文化交流史的角度审视,暹罗总修院是西学东渐的一个中转站,西方文化在此登陆,然后再被转运到中国内地;而在更广阔的17—18世纪世界范围的文化交流网络中,暹罗总修院也是一个不容忽视的节点,它从社会的中下层,使欧洲、中国、越南、马来半岛、印度、日本相互连接起来。

In 1665, in order to cultivate local priests in East Asia, the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris established a seminary, the College General of Siam, in Ayutthaya, the capital of Siam. Over the next one hundred years, at least fifty Chinese students entered the seminary to study theology, the language of Latin and western humanities, some of whom were no less educated than European scholars. After they returned to China, they made great achievements in spreading western religion and culture. From the perspective of the history of Sino-western cultural exchanges in Qing Dynasty, the College General of Siam is a transfer station where western culture lands and is then transported to the Chinese mainland;from the perspective of a cultural exchange network in the wider world of the 17 th and 18 th centuries, the College General of Siam is also a node that cannot be ignored, which connects Europe, China, Tonkin, Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula, India and Japan from the middle and lower levels of society.