子宫内膜蜕膜化的研究进展

Research progress on endometrium decidualization

妊娠是一个复杂的生理过程,胎儿在母体内的正常发育是一个在细胞与分子水平上受到严密调控的过程。早期妊娠阶段,子宫内膜基质细胞转变为分泌型蜕膜细胞,为早期妊娠的维持和胎盘形成提供重要的营养物质和免疫环境,这个过程就是蜕膜化。在甾体激素的精确调节下,子宫内膜基质细胞体积增大并快速增殖、小血管生成,同时各类分子也呈现出时间-空间性表达,在蜕膜化过程中发挥它们的独特作用。为了更全面地了解子宫内膜蜕膜化,并探讨早期妊娠失败的潜在原因,本文对蜕膜化的形成及相关调控分子做一综述,以期为未来妊娠相关疾病提供更多的理论依据。

Pregnancy is a complex physiological process, and the development of fetus in maternal body is accurately regulated at the cellular and molecular level. During pregnancy, the endometrial stromal cells transform into specialized secretory decidual cells termed as decidualization, to provide a nutritive and immune privileged matrix essential for embryo implantation and placental development. During this process, a series of dynamic developmental events, including rapid stromal proliferation, increased stromal cell size, enhanced angiogenesis, took place in a highly ordered manner under the precise regulation of steroid hormones. Meanwhile, diverse molecules exhibit spatiotemporal specific expression pattern, implying their unique roles in decidual development. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of these biological events and explore the underlying causes of early pregnancy disorders, this review emphasizes on the detailed developmental progression of decidual transformation and related molecules, to provide more theoretical basis on pregnancy-related diseases.