嗅上皮基底细胞在嗅觉再生修复中作用及其机制研究进展

The Roles and Mechanisms of Olfactory Epithelial Basal Cells in the Olfactory Regeneration and Repair

嗅上皮神经元与外界环境直接接触,易受各种损伤而死亡,但嗅上皮具有终生再生的能力,能减缓嗅觉功能的退化。这种强大的再生能力主要依赖于嗅上皮的干细胞,即球形基底细胞(globose basal cells, GBCs)和水平基底细胞(horizontal basal cells, HBCs)。该文主要归纳整理了近年来关于这两种细胞的研究,介绍它们在嗅上皮正常更新和损伤修复过程中的作用及机制,为嗅觉功能减退的治疗研究提供理论依据,也有利于进一步发掘它们在中枢神经系统修复治疗中的潜力。

The olfactory sensory neurons(OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium are exposed directly to the external environment, making them susceptible to damage, even to death, but the olfactory epithelium can regenerate itself for a lifetime to slow down the degeneration of olfactory system. The ability of regeneration of olfactory system mainly depends on the olfactory epithelial stem cells, globose basal cells(GBCs) and horizontal basal cells(HBCs). This review focuses on the recent studies on these two cells about their roles and mechanisms in normal olfactory epithelial regeneration and response to injury repair, to provide insights into the treatment of olfactory dysfunctions and explore the potential of their application in the treatment of central nervous system.