快速接触评估方法在评价供电企业运检人员工效学负荷中的应用

Application of quick exposure check in assessment of ergonomic load of operation and maintenance personnels in power supply enterprise

目的评估北方某供电企业运检人员的工效学负荷情况,为制定工效学干预措施提供依据。方法采用问卷调查结合现场评估的方法,选用自制问卷调查基本情况,选择快速接触检查表(quick exposure check,QEC)评估供电企业运检人员的工效学负荷,并使用SPSS 20.0软件对资料进行统计学分析。结果回收有效问卷330份,回收率为100%。职工背部和肩部的接触处于高或极高水平,而手腕部和颈部处于中等水平;驾驶、振动和工作节奏等因素的接触水平较低;而精神压力的接触水平也为中等。由于工作内容和姿势的差别,不同工种作业人员的接触水平有所差异,应有针对性地进行防控。结论某供电企业运检人员背部和肩部的工效学负荷水平较高,手腕部和颈部的工效学负荷水平中等,需要进行调整干预以预防和控制职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的发生。

Objective To assess the ergonomic load level among operation and maintenance personnels of power supply enterprise in northern China,then provide some basis for ergonomic intervention.Methods Questionnaire survey combined with field observation assessment,a self-made questionnaire survey was used for basic information,and a quick exposure checklist(QEC) was selected for the evaluation of ergonomic load of the operation and maintenance personnels in power supply enterprises.Meanwhile,SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 330 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 100%.The exposures in back and shoulder were at very high or high levels,whereas the exposure in wrist and neck were at moderate level;while the exposure levels of those factors such as driving,vibration,and working pace,ect.were quite low,and the exposure level of stress was also at moderate level,moreover,the exposure levels of different types of work,owing to difference job-demands and working-postures,there were some difference,thus the prevention and control should be targeted.Conclusion The ergonomic load level of back and shoulder in operation and maintenance personnels of power supply enterprise were high,the loads in wrist and neck were also at moderate level.Therefore,it was necessary to take measures for preventing and controlling the occurrence of occupational musculoskeletal disorder.