白及属植物资源评价与可持续利用的现状与展望

Current situation and prospect of resource evaluation and sustainable utilization on Bletilla

白及属Bletilla植物是兰科植物中最具有经济价值的类群之一。作为我国传统中药材,白及具有止血、抗菌、消肿、抗肿瘤、生肌敛疮等功效,开发潜力巨大。但是白及药材长期依赖野生资源,野生资源量急剧减少,药材供需矛盾日益加剧。资源评价及优异种质选育栽培是白及科学利用的基础,该文对我国白及资源的种类与分布、遗传多样性、活性成分评价、育种、繁育栽培等研究进行了综述,提出了白及可持续利用的综合建议,以期为白及高效开发提供科学参考。

The plants of Bletilla are one of the groups in Orchidaceae with the highest economic value. As the traditional Chinese medicinal material,Bletillae Rhizoma exhibits excellent efficacy in hemostatic,antibiosis,detumescent,anticancer activities and regenerating tissue to heal wound,which has great development potential. However,Bletillae Rhizoma is mainly collected from wild resources. At present,the quantity of wild resources of Bletilla plants has sharply decreased and is far from meeting the needs. Resource appraisal and breeding and cultivation of excellent germplasms of Bletilla plants are important for scientific utilization of the resources of the genus. This paper reviewed the following researches of Chinese Bletilla resources: species and distribution,genetic diversity,active ingredient evaluation,breeding,as well as seeding production and cultivation techniques. Suggestions were also provided in further researches on the resources evaluation,sustainable development and efficient utilization of Chinese Bletilla plants.