“务头”的曲学定义及话本渊源考论

The Definition of Wutou in Quxue and A Study on the Origin of Script

作为曲学术语,狭义的务头是指一支曲子音乐上的精彩之处,而广义的务头是指音乐、唱腔、曲词的精彩呈现与完美结合之处。广义的务头具有唱腔优美、音律严谨、词采俊拔、位置固定等特点。务头的本义为根据、根本,是空头的反义词,引申义为借口、起始。务头之所以被称为曲子的精彩之处,与"话头"有密切关系。话头被称为务头是取其"开始"之义,而话本之务头影响词曲之务头,主要在于其"精彩"之义。

As a technical term in Chinese opera theory,Wutou can be narrowly defined as the best part of the music,while in a broader sense,it means the perfect presenting and combination of music,as well as singing and words.Wutou is characterized by beautiful singing,rigorous sound-rules,poetry,fixed position,etc.The original meaning of Wutou is the fundament and the basis,opposite the meaning of Kongtou.The extended meaning of Wutou is the pretext and the beginning of the play.The reason why Wutou is called the best part of a play lies in its link with "Huatou",which is called Wutou because it indicates the beginning of a play."Wutou"in script influences "Wutou"in the singing and words,mainly because it's regarded as the essence of a play.