基于形态和DNA序列分析的海马类药材商品基原调查

Zoological origin survey of commercial hippocampus in Chinese herbal markets by morphological and DNA sequencing identification

海马是我国名贵动物药材之一,市售海马基原众多,鉴别困难。对其商品进行基原调查有助于澄清品种,为市售海马药材的鉴别以及建立质量控制标准提供科学依据。该研究通过随机采集安国、亳州等全国8个主流药材市场的海马商品药材,将COⅠ片段DNA测序和形态鉴别相结合,确定基原物种。结果发现市售海马样品共来源于23个物种,包括所有2015年版《中国药典》收载物种及18个非《中国药典》收载海马属物种。其中地图海马、驼背海马、南非海马、北部湾海马、欧洲海马、半棘海马、条纹海马等均为首次发现于我国中药材市场。DNA序列分析结合形态鉴定,有助于准确鉴定海马基原。

Hippocampus is a precious animal medicine in Chinese herbal medicines. Numerous seahorse species possessing similar morphology were used as commercial hippocampus in herbal markets. Clarifing the zoological of commercial hippocampus in herbal markets is a crucial issue, which contributed to establish authentication and quality control standard. This study investigated 1 156 dried seahorse samples collected from eight main herbal markets using CO Ⅰ fragment DNA sequencing coupling with morphological identification. The results showed that 23 seahorse species were present in the China TCM market. Among them, five species were officially listed in China Pharmacopoeia, seven species namely winged seahorse(Hippocampus alatus), giraffe seahorse(H. camelopardalis), knysna seahorse(H. capensis), beibuwan seahorse(H. casscsio), half-spiny seahorse(H. semispinosus), Europe seahorse(H. hippocampus), zebra seahorse(H. zebra) were found in herbal markets for the first time. The present DNA sequences analysis coupling with morphological identification method could also use to survey the species origin of other Chinese herbal medicines in herbal markets.