松萝酸及其类似物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展

Chemical and pharmacological progress on usnic acid and its derivatives

松萝酸及类似物为地衣类植物的特征成分之一,是一类重要的有机酸类分子,具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗癌、抗炎镇痛、麻醉等药理活性,在医药等领域应用广泛,但也能引起皮炎甚至肝功能损坏。学者们通过化学分离类似物、有机合成衍生物或结构修饰等多种努力以寻找毒副作用更小或活性更好的类似物。该文对松萝酸及类似物的资源分布、分离鉴定、结构特征、合成修饰、药理活性及相关毒性研究进行系统归纳整理,以期为松萝酸及类似物的开发利用提供参考。

Usnic acid and its derivatives, a group of organic molecules with great importance, are characteristic to lichens, possessing pharmacological activities such as anti-virus, anti-bacteria, anti-humor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anaesthetic effects. Many of them have been widely used as medicine, but also bring side effects such as dermatitis and liver damages. In the past decades, great efforts by isolation, organic synthesis, and structure modification methods were put on discovery of UA derivatives with higher biological activities or less side effects. This paper describes herein the most progress on natural sources, isolation and structure elucidation, structural characteristics, synthesis and modification results, pharmacological activities and toxicities of UA and its derivatives, hopefully to provide valuable reference for further research.