要素市场扭曲与我国贸易竞争环境阻抗分析

On Production Element Market Distortion and Domestic Trade Competition Environment Impedance

在中国要素市场市场化过程中,由于市场化的相对滞后导致了要素价格的扭曲。本文以此为背景,旨在研究要素价格扭曲是否会对中国企业的出口起到一定的正向激励作用,同时分析可能会产生的负面影响。通过相关研究发现:第一,相关要素价格的扭曲对于中国企业的出口,确实起到了正向的激励作用,在要素扭曲程度越深的地区中,出口动机越强,则越符合地方政府及与政府有联系的地方企业的GDP增长目标;第二,扭曲要素价格也刺激了外国企业的出口动机,但这种激励效应小于本地区出口动机,要素价格扭曲程度越深,地方企业利润率越低;第三,虽然要素价格扭曲对于我国企业的出口确实起到正向的激励作用,但在扭曲收益的相关转化过程中,我国企业实际上并没有产生任何收益,这种情况主要体现在要素市场市场化比较滞后的地区。

In the process of Chinese production elements going into market, there occurs price distortion of elements because of the underdevelopment of production element market. The paper studies whether the price distortion of production element will encourage Chinese enterprises’ export and if there is any negative effect.The study has the following findings. First, the distortion of the related production element price has indeed played a positive role in promoting the export of Chinese enterprises. Where the price distortion is greater, the enterprises’ export motivation is stronger, and more in conformity with the GDP growth targets of the local government and those local enterprises associated with the government Second, price distortion of production factors also stimulates the export motivation of foreign enterprises, but this incentive effect is smaller than the Chinese local market. The greater the price distortion, the lower the earning ratio of local enterprises. Third,although price distortion encourages the export of Chinese enterprises, the earnings produced by price distorting do not bring those enterprises meaningful benefits. This situation mainly exist in regions with underdeveloped production element market.