凤、鸾、练鹊与翟鸟辨析——从“西夏双凤花草纹金碗”谈起

Differentiation and Analysis of Phoenix, phoenix-like bird,Asian paradise-flycatcher and syrmaticus reevesii——Talking from the Golden Bowl with Double Phoenix and Flower Pattern of the Western Xia Regime

近日在文物整理时,笔者得以近观内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区高油房古城遗址出土的“西夏双凤花草纹金碗”(图一)。该碗敞口,浅腹,喇叭状小圈足,口径10.7、高3.5厘米。原报告中称其“碗心錾刻凤凰团喜纹,内腹刻三枝花,分别为芍药、牡丹和西蕃莲。沿下刻缠枝牡丹纹一周。圈足的外沿又刻有忍冬纹一周①。

Auspicious culture is an important part of traditional Chinese culture, which is mostly composed of animals, birds and plants, having a specific auspicious meaning. Phoenix, phoenix-like bird, Asian paradise-flycatcher and syrmaticus reevesii are common patterns of auspicious culture, and people nowadays are easily confused because of their similar appearances. Starting from the name and decoration of the golden bowl unearthed from the site of Gaoyoufang of the Western Xia regime, this paper explains the subtle differences between the four kinds of birds above and the correct name of the golden bowl.