权力的四重维度--马克思的权力理论研究

The Four Dimensions of Power:A Study of Marx's Theory of Power

政治哲学对权力的研究,始于对唯灵论政治应然的摆脱。在摆脱诸种唯灵论逻辑起点之后,政治哲学才开始对权力问题进行探索性研究。在这其中,马克思对权力问题进行了四重呈现:权力的物质性、封闭性、媒介性以及历史性。一定的历史发展水平及其现实条件,催生时代性的权力维度力量对比。对这种力量对比,只有在物质性的角度,也即在历史唯物主义的方法论中进行研究,才能揭示真实的社会运行状况。权力是封闭性之中足够程度的关系优势。只有在封闭性之中,力量的消长才会引出权力地位的反转。并且,离开了封闭性,可逃遁的弱势群体会使权力成为无对象的空洞。关系性优势的确立,依靠的是优势社会阶级所主导的社会关系建构媒介。权力格局的更迭,伴随着社会关系建构媒介的转变。

The study of power in political philosophy begins with the desertion of spirituality politics. After getting rid of various spiritual logical starting points, political philosophy began to explore the issue of power. Among them, Marx presented the issue of power in four aspects: the materiality, media, closeness and historicity of power. A certain level of historical development and its realistic conditions give birth to the contrast of the power dimension of the times. The contrast of forces can only be studied from the material point of view, that is, in the methodology of historical materialism, in order to reveal the real operation of society. Power is a sufficient amount of relationship advantage in closeness. Only in the closeness, will the rise and fall of power lead to the reversal of power status. Besides, the vulnerable groups who can escape can make power become empty without object. The establishment of relational advantage relies on the media of social relations dominated by the dominant social class. The change of new and old social forms is accompanied by the transformation of social relations construction media, thus changing the historical power presentation.