论监察证据在刑事诉讼中使用

On the using theory of the supervisory evidence in the criminal procedure

《监察法》第33条第1款确立了监察证据在刑事诉讼中使用制度,要求监察证据与刑事证据保持概念同一,种类基本对应,采用"材料说"给监察证据下定义。可以在刑事诉讼中使用的监察证据只能是监察机关依法收集的涉嫌职务犯罪的证据材料,包括物证、书证、证人证言、被害人陈述、被调查人供述和辩解、鉴定意见、勘验、检查笔录和视听资料、电子数据8类,共12种。但不同种类的监察证据移送并在刑事诉讼中使用的条件存在差异,物证、书证、视听资料、电子数据要求保持真实性和同一性。鉴定意见和勘验、检查笔录除了法定的形式要件,还要求有关人员具备相应的资质或专门知识,遵守相关程序和方法。证人证言和被害人陈述必须具有真实性和可靠性,被调查人供述和辩解应当具有真实性和任意性。

The first paragraph of article 33 of the Supervision Law sets out the utilization of supervisory evidence in the criminal procedure.The utility of the concepts of the supervisory evidence and the criminal evidence are therefore required,with similar categories of evidence.The definition of supervisory evidence shall than take the approach of"resources doctrine".The supervisory evidence which can be used in the criminal procedure is the evidence concerning duty-related crimes collected by a supervisory commission,including physical evidence,documentary evidence,testimony of witnesses,the victim statement,people surveyed confession and defense,expert opinion,an inquest,examination records and audio-visual material and electronic data.However,requirements of the utilization of different kinds of supervisory evidence in criminal procedure varies.Physical evidence,documentary evidence,audio-visual material and electronic data shall maintain authenticity and identity of the evidence.In terms of expert opinion,an inquest,and examination records,besides the statutory formal requirements,special attention shall be given to personnel’s qualifi cation and specialized knowledge,as well as procedural instructions.With regards testimony of witnesses and the victim statement,authenticity and reliability is of significant value,while people surveyed confession and defense should chase authenticity and arbitrariness.