刑事专家辅助人的制度再造——基于检察机关的研究视角

Reconstruction of the system of criminal expert assistants-from a research perspective of the procuratorial authority

检察机关依据现行刑诉法指聘"有专门知识的人"(即专家辅助人)参与法庭质证鉴定意见的案件目前尚不多见,司法实践证明,"有专门知识的人"更多以非鉴定人身份在侦控阶段辅助检察机关办案。2018年《最高人民检察院关于指派、聘请有专门知识的人参与办案若干问题的规定(试行)》的主要目的,就是对以非鉴定人身份辅助检察机关办理刑事案件的"有专门知识的人"进行制度规范。但一旦放宽理论视野,则可以发现在侦控阶段辅助检察机关办案的其他类型的"有专门知识的人",其实与庭审阶段质证鉴定意见的专家辅助人功能等同,所以,刑事司法应该建构全程参与、功能多元的统一专家辅助人制度。

The cases in which the procuratorial authorities, according to the current Criminal Procedure Law, assign or retain "persons with expertise"(that is, expert assistants) to participate in the examination of appraisal opinions at trial are still rare in China. Judicial practices have proved that "persons with expertise" tend to assist procuratorial authorities at the stage of investigation as non-appraisers. The main purpose of Provisions of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning Assigning and Retaining Persons with Expertise to Participate in Case Handling(for Trial Implementation) in 2018, is to regulate and standardize the rules on "persons with expertise" who assist procuratorial authorities in handling criminal cases as non-appraisers. Furthermore, once we broaden our theoretical vision, we can fi nd that, in fact, the function of other types of "persons with expertise" who assist procuratorial authorities in handling cases during theinvestigation stage are the same as those expert assistants who examine appraisal opinions at trial. Therefore, the Chinese criminal justice system should construct a unifi ed system on expert assistants with full-process participation and multiple functions.