京沪穗深津渝六市法院声纹鉴定证据应用的实证研究

An empirical study on the application of evidence of forensic phonetics in courts of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Chongqing in China

本文以"无讼案例"网上公开的裁判文书为数据源,地域限定为北京、上海、广州、深圳、天津和重庆6个城市,对检索得到的2004年至2017年涉及声纹鉴定证据并援引明确鉴定意见的290份有效裁判文书进行了系统的调查分析。统计变量包括鉴定机构、案由、案件性质、录音方式、录音格式、鉴定项目、被鉴定人的年龄和性别、鉴定意见表述形式、鉴定人出庭等多个要素。文章对不同变量及变量之间的相互关系进行了分项统计,并在此基础上总结了声纹鉴定证据在实践运用中出现的部分现实问题。本文首次多角度地展示了声纹鉴定证据在案件诉讼中的应用情况,调查结果对于鉴定人、行业管理者以及控、辩、审三方都具有十分重要的借鉴意义。

This article is based on 290 effective and forensic phonetics-related judgment documents from the year 2004 to 2017 which were downloaded from the website of Wusong(Itslaw.com) as the database and in which expert opinions were explicitly relied on by the judges, to explore the application of evidence of forensic phonetics(FP) in courts of the six major cities in China, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Chongqing. Quite a few variables are analyzed in this essay, including forensic institute/lab, cause of action, case nature, method of recording, recording format, specific tasks in FP, gender and age of the appraised, expression format of expert opinions, the appearance of expert witness in the court, etc. In this essay, those different variables and the interrelationship between them are examined respectively, and on this basis, several practical problems of FP are also further summarized. This empirical study is the first survey to demonstrate the application of FP evidence in courts from multiple aspects, the research results of which will be a good reference not only for the forensic phoneticians and relevant industry managers, but also for the prosecution, the defense and the judge.