阶段干预法对极寒条件下野营拉练训练伤预防效果分析

Analysis of preventive effect of stage intervention method on camp and field training injury in extreme cold conditions

目的应用阶段干预法对极寒条件下野营拉练不同阶段进行卫勤保障干预,降低野营拉练训练伤发病率。方法比较2016年和2017年北方某部极寒条件下野营拉练训练伤发病率。其中,2016年拉练采取常规卫勤保障方法(routine medical support,RMS),2017年拉练采取阶段干预卫勤保障法(stage medical intervention,SMI)。将拉练全程分为三个阶段,即徒步行军阶段(冻伤、足底水泡、会阴部摩擦伤)、科目训练阶段(运动系统伤)、野外宿营阶段(胃肠道疾病),对各阶段常见病的发病率进行比较。结果徒步行军阶段,常规保障组冻伤、足底水泡和会阴部摩擦伤的发病率分别是5.7%,10.9%,2.4%,阶段干预组三种疾病的发病率分别是1.4%,2.8%,1.9%,冻伤和足底水泡发病率两组比较有统计学差异。科目训练阶段,常规保障组运动系统疾病发病率5.3%,其他相关疾病1.6%;阶段干预组两类疾病发病率分别是1.7%和1.8%。运动系病疾病发病率两组比较有明显差别。野外宿营阶段,常规保障组胃肠道疾病发病率3.3%,其他相关疾病1.5%;阶段干预组两类疾病发病率分别是1.6%和1.8%。胃肠道疾病发病率两组比较有明显差别。结论应用阶段干预法在拉练的不同阶段针对性的给予卫生干预可以较大程度降低极寒条件下训练伤的发病率。

Objective To reduce the military training injury morbidity in stage intervention method on .camp and field training in extreme cold conditions.Methods The incidence of camp and field training injury in extreme cold conditions was compared between in 2016 and 2017.The routine medical support (routine medical support,RMS)was used in 2016;the stage medical intervention (stage medical intervention,SMI)was used in 2017.The camp and field training was included three stages:the stage of march on foot (frostbite,blister on the bottom of feet,friction burns in pefineal region),the stage of subject training (motor system injury),the stage of wild camping (gastrointestinal diseases, other related diseases).Results At the stage of march on foot,the incidence of frostbite,blister on the bottom of feet and friction burns in perineal region were 5.7%,10.9%,2.4% in RMS group;and 1.4%,2.8%,1.9% in SMI group, respectively.There was a significant difference in the rates of frostbite and blister on the bottom of feet between two groups.At the stage of subject training,the incidences of motor system injury and others were 5.3%,1.6%in RMS group;and 1.7%,1.8% in SMI group,respectively.The incidence of motor system injury was obviously decreased in the SMI group as compared with that of the RMS group.At the stage of wild camping,the incidences of gastrointestinal diseases and other related diseases were 3.3%,1.5% in RMS group;and 1.6%,1.8% in SMI group,respectively. The incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in SMI group was lower than that in RMS group.Conclusion The stage intervention method on camp and field training can effectively reduce the incidence of military training injury.