论自我教育的本质——以维特根斯坦的自我认知为个案

About the Essence of Self-education:An Illustration with Wittgensteinian Autognosis

自我教育的本质是什么?自我教育与形而上的关系是怎样的?这些问题的答案,至今并不明晰。问题的答案及其解答方式是不明晰的,问题的意义和价值也是不显著的。一般化的讨论,很难推进对自我教育本质的深入研究。个案剖析,似更有助于判定这类研究的得失成败。以维特根斯坦为例,分析一位卓尔不群的哲人,如何分析他自己。哲人的自我分析,有什么意义,有什么启示?这些分析、意义和启示,何以推展至自我教育的本质问题上?为此,从三个具体方面展开陈述:一是从奥地利哲学家魏宁格之于维特根斯坦自我认识的启蒙意义入手探究其自我教育的伦理根基问题;二是从维氏《战时笔记》看其自我教育的形式;三是哲学家个人从唯我论到类主体的自我教育进路是如何逐级上升的。在此基础上,表述若干有待评议的结论。

What is the essence of self-education? How about the relationship between self-education and metaphysics? There is no exact answer until now. Answers to questions are not clear. Neither are solutions. There is no obvious significance and value concerning the questions. General discussion can hardly promote a deep research on the essence of self-education. Case study seems to be helpful for deciding such the successes and failures of the research. With Wittgenstein as an example,the paper aims to analyze how a distinguished philosopher makes his self-analysis. What significance and enlightenment can his self-analysis provide for us?How can the analysis,significance,and enlightenment extend to the essence of self-education? The statement is carried out from three aspects. The first is to explore the ethic basis of Wittgenstein ’s self-education through talking about Weninger’s enlightenment for Wittgenstein. The second aspect concerns forms of self-education on the basis of Notebooks( 1914-1917). The last argues how the philosopher promotes his way from individual solipsism to self-education of common human subject.