减振刀具的结构设计及切削性能研究

Research on Structure Designation and Cutting Performance of the Damping Tool

长悬伸的刀具在切削过程中的振动对切削力、刀具寿命及工件的表面质量有直接的影响。本文设计了一种在刀杆上下表面贴附有锰铜合金片的减振刀杆,为验证锰铜合金应用于刀具结构中的减振效果,分别用普通刀杆和减振刀杆进行1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的车削实验,分析普通刀杆和减振刀杆车削过程中的工件的表面粗糙度、切削力以及刀具磨损。结果表明,在实验参数条件下,减振刀杆在车削过程中工件的表面粗糙度值比普通刀杆小20%左右,在完成同等材料去除量后,减振刀杆刀片的后刀面磨损值约为普通刀杆的70%,在参数v=220 m/min, a_p=2 mm,f=0.25 mm/r及v=220 m/min,a_p=3 mm,f=0.3 mm/r下,减振刀杆的切削力峰值比普通刀杆小30%以上。刀杆上贴附锰铜合金的这种结构可有效减小切削振动,这为长悬伸加工的减振刀具提供了新的思路。

The vibration of large suspended depth tool during the turning process has important effects on cutting forces, tool life and surface roughness. A damping tool attached by Mn-Cu alloy plates on its upper and lower surface is designed in this paper. In order to verify the damping effects of tools attached by Mn-Cu alloy, experiments on turning 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel are carried out between ordinary tool and damping tool. The surface roughness, cutting forces and tool wear are analysied.The results show that the surface roughness of damping tool is 20% less than the ordinary tool, and wear on the insert flank face for the damping tool is about 70% of that for the ordinary tool under the same experimental parameters. For the parameters v =220 m/min, ap=2 mm, f =0.25 mm/r and v =220 m/min, ap=3 mm, f =0.3 mm/r, the peak cutting force of damping tool is 30% less than that of the ordinary tool. Turning tool attached by Mn-Cu alloy has great effect on vibration reduction, which provides a new thinking of the damping tools for machining large suspended depth parts.