4种钩藤植物带钩茎枝和叶提取物对中枢抑制作用的研究

Study on the inhibition of extracts from hooked stems and leaves of four kinds of Uncaria Rhynchophylla on central nervous system

目的比较4种钩藤植物带钩茎枝和叶提取物对小鼠中枢神经的抑制作用。方法实验分为9组:空白组、钩藤带钩茎枝组(15 g·kg^(-1))、大叶钩藤带钩茎枝组(15 g·kg^(-1))、毛钩藤带钩茎枝组(15 g·kg^(-1))、侯钩藤带钩茎枝组(15 g·kg^(-1))、钩藤叶组(15 g·kg^(-1))、大叶钩藤叶组(15 g·kg^(-1))、毛钩藤叶组(15 g·kg^(-1))和侯钩藤叶组(15 g·kg^(-1))。各组小鼠灌胃给药。用小鼠自发活动实验、戊巴比妥钠阈下睡眠剂量诱导小鼠入睡实验、戊巴比妥钠阈剂量诱导小鼠睡眠时间实验、硝酸士的宁抗小鼠惊厥作用实验观察4种钩藤不同部位对小鼠中枢神经的影响。结果在小鼠自主活动次实验中,钩藤叶组、钩藤带钩茎枝组、侯钩藤叶组、侯钩藤带钩茎枝组、大叶钩藤叶组、大叶钩藤带钩茎枝组、毛钩藤叶组和毛钩藤带钩茎枝组小鼠活动次数分别为57. 80±29. 25,58. 60±13. 81,71. 50±21. 13,66. 30±17. 28,51. 30±24. 82,32. 40±30. 47,62. 40±31. 58,53. 80±25. 97,与空白组(85. 30±11. 65)相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05),其中大叶钩藤带钩茎枝组作用最明显。在戊巴比妥钠阈下睡眠剂量诱导小鼠入睡实验中,与空白组相比,各实验组均能显著增加戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠入睡个数(P <0. 05),其中钩藤带钩茎枝组[(3535. 92±891. 12) s]、大叶钩藤叶组[(2864. 50±984. 94) s]和大叶钩藤带钩茎枝组[(3108. 54±804. 02) s]能显著延长小鼠睡眠时间。在硝酸士的宁抗小鼠惊厥作用实验中,与空白组相比,各组的抗惊厥作用差异无统计学意义,但能显著减少士的宁致小鼠惊厥死亡数(P <0. 05)。结论钩藤属植物叶具有中枢抑制作用,有进一步开发利用的潜能。

Objective To compare the inhibitory effects of extracts from hooked stems and leaves of four species of Uncaria rhynchophylla on the central nervous system in mice. Methods The experiment is divided into 9 groups: blank control group,Uncaria rhynchophylla hooked stems group( 15 g · kg^-1),Uncaria macrophylla hooked stems group( 15 g·kg),Uncaria rhynchophylloides hooked stems group( 15 g·kg^-1),Uncaria hirsute hooked stems group( 15 g · kg^-1),Uncaria rhynchophylla leaves group( 15 g · kg^-1),Uncaria macrophylla leaves group( 15 g·kg^-1),Uncaria rhynchophylloides leaves group( 15 g·kg^-1)and Uncaria hirsute leaves group( 15 g · kg^-1). Spontaneous activity test in mice,subliminal sleep dosage of sodium pentobarbital to inducemice to fall asleep test,threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium to induce mice sleep time,strychnine anticonvulsant effect test to observe the effects on the central nervous system in mice. Results In the spontaneous activity test in mice,the the number of mouse activities of Uncaria rhynchophylla leaves group,Uncaria rhynchophylla hooked stems group,Uncaria hirsute leaves group,Uncaria hirsute hooked stems group,Uncaria macrophylla leaves group,Uncaria macrophylla hooked stems group,Uncaria rhynchophylloides leaves group,Uncaria rhynchophylloides hooked stems group were 57. 80 ± 29. 25,58. 60 ± 13. 81,71. 50 ± 21. 13,66. 30 ± 17. 28,51. 30 ± 24. 82,32. 40 ± 30. 47,62. 40 ± 31. 58,53. 80 ± 25. 97, all had significant difference with that in blank control group, which was85. 30 ± 11. 65( all P < 0. 05),in which the Uncaria macrophylla hooked stems group has the most obvious effect;Compared with blank control group,each group could significantly increase the number of mice that entered the sleep induced by pentobarbital sodium( P < 0. 05) in sodium pentobarbital inducing mice to fall asleep test,and Uncaria rhynchophylla hooked stems group [( 3535. 92 ± 891. 12) s ], Uncaria rhynchophylla leaves group[( 2864. 50 ± 984. 94) ]s and Uncaria macrophylla leaves group[( 3108. 54 ± 804. 02) s] can significantly prolong sleep time in mice. In the anti-convulsant effect test caused by strychnine nitrate in mice,there was no significant difference in anticonvulsant effect between the groups compared with the blank group,but the number of seizure deaths in mice was significantly reduced( P < 0. 05). Conclusion The leaves of Uncaria leaves havea central inhibitory effect and have potential for further development and utilization.