零工经济的研究视角——基于西方经典文献的述评

Different Research Perspectives on Gig Economy——A Review Based on Western Classical Literature

互联网和信息科技的发展带来了零工经济(Gig Economy)这种全新的用工模式,出发角度不同,对"零工经济"的定义也不一样:部分文献对零工经济的定义和描述并没有强调新兴科技和互联网的作用,只宽泛描述了零工经济带来的用工模式的变化,即"传统零工经济";而另一部分文献则认为当代"零工经济"仅指基于互联网和其他科技的,以网络平台为基础的具有"即时性"特点的新兴经济模式,也称按需(On-Demand)经济,即"新零工经济"。通过对36篇零工经济的经典西方文献进行梳理,得出现有零工经济文献研究视角主要包括:零工经济给企业和劳动者双方带来的机遇和优势;零工经济给劳动者带来的问题和隐患;技术进步带来的劳动者被替代风险;零工经济下新型用工模式给企业人力资源管理带来的挑战;零工经济下如何实现对劳动者的保障;零工经济中企业人力资源管理问题的解决方案。综上,这六个研究视角可以概括为三个维度:机遇和优势;风险和挑战;应对策略和方案,在三个维度下又分别讨论了在我国零工经济产生的影响。现有研究主要是以现象描述、历史回顾、数据统计、和案例分析等为主,相关的量化研究较为鲜见,这部分研究空白有待今后的研究加以填补。

The emergence of the Internet era has created the Gig Economy. Starting from different angles, the definitions of "Gig Economy" are different: some existing literatures do not emphasize significant role that the emerging technology and the Internet play, only broadly describing the changes in the employment model brought about by the Gig Economy, which is considered as the "Traditional Gig Economy", while other literatures argue that the contemporary "Gig Economy" refers to the economy model based on the Internet and technologies, with the "ondemand" characteristic, also known as the On-Demand Economy, which is the "New Gig Economy". Through the combing of 36 classic Western literature on the Gig Economy, it is concluded that the existing literature research perspective mainly includes: the problems caused by the Gig Economy to workers and enterprises;laborers are replaced by the emerging technology in the technological progress;challenges brought about to human resources management under the Gig Economy;ways of protecting workers under the Gig Economy;solutions to human resource management problems in the Gig Economy. In summary, these six research perspectives can be summarized into three dimensions: opportunities and advantages;risks and challenges;and solutions, and then the impact of the gig economy in China was discussed from these three dimensions. The existing researches mainly comprise phenomenon description, history review, summary of statistics, and case study, among which the relevant quantitative research is relatively rare. This part of the research gap needs to be filled in future research.