济宁地区土壤中有机氯农药残留现状调查

Status study of organochlorine pesticide residues in soils of Ji′ning Area

目的以济宁市11个县市区农田表层土壤为研究对象,检测土壤中15种有机氯农药的残留,对其残留状况及污染来源进行分析。方法共采集109份土壤样品,使用GC-MS法检测DDTs类(p,p′-DDD、p,p′-DDE、p,p′-DDT、o,p′-DDT)、HCHs类(α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH)、氯丹类(七氯、环氧七氯、顺式氯丹、反式氯丹)、艾氏剂类(艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂)共15种OCPs残留。结果济宁地区土壤中15种OCPs均有不同程度的检出,HCHs类和DDTs类检出率分别为77.45%和73.28%,氯丹类和艾氏剂类检出率<10%,残留量DDTs类>HCHs类>氯丹类≈艾氏剂类,DDTs类是济宁地区土壤中OCPs污染的主要物质。结论根据我国土壤环境质量标准GB 15618—1995,一级土壤中DDTs和HCHs的标准限值50 ng/g,本次研究所采集的109份土壤样品中DDTs和HCHs含量均达到一级土壤标准,说明济宁地区有机氯农药的残留污染较轻。

Objective The topsoil of farmland in 11 counties of Ji′ning was collected for the detection of 15 organochlorine pesticide residues, and the residual status and pollution sources were analyzed. Methods A total of 109 samples were collected and analyzed for OCPs including DDTs(p, p′-DDD, p, p′-DDE, p, p′-DDT, o, p′-DDT), HCHs(α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH), Chlordanes(heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane) aldrin(aldrin, dieldrin, endrin) by GC-MS. Results The 15 OCPs were detected in different degrees. The detection rates of HCHs and DDTs were 77.45% and 73.28%, respectively. The detection rates of chlordanes and aldrin were less than 10%. The residual quantity was in the orders of DDTs>HCHs>chlordanes≈aldrin. DDTs was the main pollutant of OCPs in the soils of Jining area. Conclusion According to the soil environmental quality standard GB 15618-1995, the standard limit value of DDTs and HCHs in the first grade soil is 50 ng/g. The residues of DDTs and HCHs in 109 soil samples are accorded with the first grade soil standard, indicating that the residual pollution in Jining area is mild.