英东油田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术

Reservoir formation conditions and key exploration &development technoloiges in Yingdong oilfield,Qaidam Basin

英东油田是柴达木盆地单个油藏储量规模最大、丰度最高、物性最好、开发效益最佳的整装油气田。通过对英东油田的地质再认识,对成藏条件及技术难题进行了攻关研究。研究结果表明:英雄岭地区位于柴西地区茫崖生烃凹陷,油源条件丰富,新近系油砂山组以宽缓的三角洲前缘—滨浅湖沉积为主,砂、泥岩纵向交替出现,砂体分布广泛且物性较好,泥岩为主要盖层,与古近系优质烃源岩形成一套完整的下生上储式生-储-盖组合;英东地区的大型滑脱断层沟通了古近系优质烃源岩和中、浅层构造圈闭,使早期聚集的油气藏发生调整,同时后期形成的油气持续运聚,深、浅层断裂形成"接力式"输导,在浅层晚期形成的构造圈闭中聚集成藏;中、浅层断层具备良好的侧向封堵性能,有利于油气的保存。针对英东地区复杂的地形地貌和油藏特征,形成了复杂山地三维地震采集处理解释一体化技术,为落实油气勘探目标奠定了基础。针对英东油田含油气井段长、流体识别难度大等问题,建立了长井段多油气水系统油藏开发模式、多条件约束复杂断块地质建模技术。通过明确英东油田的成藏机理,攻克工程复杂关键技术,为实现英东油田的高效开发和增储上产提供了重要的地质理论支撑和技术保障。

Yingdong oilfield is the largest-scale reserves of a single reservoir with highest organic matter abundance,most favorable physical property and optimal development efficiencies in the Qaidam Basin.Through detailed analyses of the Yingdong oilfield,some studies,such as hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and technical challenges,are carried out,and following conclusions can be achieved.The Yingxiongling area is located in Mangya hydrocarbon-generation sag in the west part of the Qaidam Basin,its oil sources are rich;the Neogene Xiayoushashan Formation and Shangyoushashan Formation are dominated by wide and gentle delta front-shore-shallow lacustrine sediments with interbeds of sandstone and mudstone,the sandbodies are widely distributed with favorable physical condition,and the mudstone is the key caprock,combined with high-quality Paleogene hydrocarbon source rocks,a complete source-reservoir-cap assemblage can be formed.Large-scale detachment faults of the Yingdong area connect high-quality Paleogene hydrocarbon source rocks with middle-shallow buried structural traps,thus,reservoirs formed in the early stage are modified,and at the same time,hydrocarbons formed in the later stage continue to migrate and accumulate;in this way,the deep and shallow faults form a relay-style hydrocarbon transport system,and hydrocarbons are accumulated in the shallow structural traps in the later stage;in this area,the middle-shallow faults have good lateral plugging performance which is favorable for preservation of oil and gas.For complex landforms and reservoir features in the Yingdong area,the integral 3 D seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation technology is developed for complex mountain areas to provide a reliable foundation for hydrocarbon exploration.For some problems in the Yingdong oilfield like long oil/gas-bearing intervals,great difficulty in identification of fluids,the development mode of multiple oil/gas/water systems in the long intervals is established,and the geologic modeling technology with constraint of multiple conditions on complex fault blocks is also developed.Thus,hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in the Yingdong oilfield is clear,and some complex key technology of engineering are well solved,providing necessary geologic theories and technical supports for high-efficiency development and rapid production construction in the Yingdong oilfield.